The term for it is self-immolation. That particular phrasing doesn’t begin to convey the horror of setting one’s self on fire, burning to death in a public space, to demonstrate opposition to tyranny, oppression, any number of -isms, or simply, people’s urge to to crush others.
When I was a little kid, I read about a man who set himself on fire on a street in Saigon (now called Ho Chi Minh City). A Buddhist monk named Thích Quảng Đức, was part of a procession of 350 fellow monks originating at a nearby pagoda in June, 1963. Đức, in a car with two others, led the marchers to the intersection of Phan Đình Phùng Boulevard and Lê Văn Duyệt Street where they stopped. Đức emerged from the car and calmly walked to a spot in the middle of the street. One of his car-mates placed a seat cushion on the pavement, upon which Đức sat, assuming the traditional lotus position. The other car-mate doused Đức with the contents of a five-gallon can of gasoline.
Đức then lit a match and set himself on fire. Here’s New York Times reporter David Halberstam’s account of the scene:
Flames were coming from a human being; his body was slowly withering and shriveling up., his head blackening and charring. In the air was the smell of burning human flesh; human beings burn surprisingly quickly. Behind me, I could hear the sobbing of the Vietnamese who were now gathering…. As he burned he never moved a muscle, never uttered a sound, his outward composure in sharp contrast to the wailing people around him.
An Associated Press photographer named Malcolm Browne snapped images of the burning monk. I saw one of the pictures on the front page of the Chicago Sun-Times. I was transfixed. Why, I wondered, would anybody kill himself in such a horrifying way? President John F. Kennedy saw the photos as well. He reportedly remarked, “No news picture in history has generated so much emotion around the world as that one.”
Later I would learn that Đức killed himself to protest the treatment of South Vietnam’s majority Buddhists by the corrupt regime of President Ngô Đình Diệm. A Roman Catholic, Diệm harbored a particular hatred for Buddhists. Catholic priests hoping to curry favor with Diệm ran private armies to suppress the Buddhist majority in the country. South Vietnam’s Buddhists suffered forced conversions and resettlements. Their property was looted, their pagodas destroyed. Kennedy was appalled by Diệm’s persecution of them.
The US president allegedly directed the CIA to stage a coup to oust Diệm. He was toppled by a military junta five months after Đức’s suicide. The coup, of course, failed to make South Vietnam any kind of a beacon of democracy or even basic decency. South Vietnam would fall 12 years later despite the deaths of hundreds of thousands of civilians and soldiers in the Vietnam War. In an irony that would be laughable if it weren’t so blood-drenched, the now-communist nation of Vietnam is an American ally, an important trade partner, and cooperates with the US in resisting Chinese expansionism. Among all the remaining communist populations on Earth, Vietnam’s people today view the United States most favorably. I had a guest on Big Talk some years back, a clothing designer from Vietnam who’d moved to this country as a little girl with her family. Vietnamese people, she told me, actually like Americans.
I wonder what Thích Quảng Đức would think about all this, were he still alive.
In any case, self-immolation as protest seems to be the last resort of a person attempting to speak for a desperate people. A Time magazine article dated February 26, 2024 quotes Temple University history professor Ralph Young: “It’s an act of despair. You feel that there’s nothing that you can do, or that people are willing to do, so this is the ultimate sacrifice — yourself.”
Đức was viewed as a martyr, a hero in a sense, for his selfless demonstration against inhumanity. Only something as dreadful as a tyrannical government’s oppression of a people would drive a normally rational person to such an act.
Now comes word that a man set himself on fire yesterday outside the Manhattan courthouse where former President Donald Trump is on trial for several criminal actions surrounding his payoff to a porn star to keep his affair with her under wraps. The man traveled to New York City from St Augustine, Florida and had lingered outside the courthouse for much of the past week. He was a conspiracy theorist, apparently, who posted this declaration online some time before his act: “I have set myself on fire outside the Trump trial.”
As of yet, it is unclear what tyranny, oppression, -isms, or inhumanity drove the man to set himself on fire. He died yesterday night in a Manhattan hospital.
Of course, not every suicide is politically driven. In fact, very few are. That’s why self-immolation as a protest is such a dramatic, history-altering act. Suicide can be caused by any number of things, including:
- Mental health problems
- Bullying, prejudice or stigma related to race, gender, disability or sexual identity
- Domestic, sexual, or physical abuse
- Bereavement or grief
- The end of a relationship
- Chronic pain or illness
- Retirement
- Money problems
- Housing problems
- Isolation or loneliness
- Being in prison
- Addiction or substance abuse
- Pregnancy, childbirth or postnatal depression
- Confusion about sexual or gender identity
- Forced marriage
Do we now add Demonstrating devotion to Donald Trump?